浅谈宿根花卉在北方园林花境中的应用

介绍了宿根花卉在花境中应用的主要品种、形式及应注意的问题,旨在促进优良的宿根花卉在园林绿化中广泛合理地应用。     

溶藻弧菌对华贵栉孔扇贝体内几种酶活性的影响

对华贵栉孔扇贝（Chlamys nobilis）注射不同密度的溶藻弧菌（Vibrio alginolyticus）,于注射后6,12,18,48,72h测定体内过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和酸性磷酸酶（ACP）的活力。结果表明：5×107cell.mL-1,5×108cell.mL-1组血淋巴中CAT活性均有升高趋势,其中5×108cell.mL-1组在18h极显著增加（P≤0.01）,24h显著增加（P≤0.05）。5×108cell.mL-1组SOD活性最初表现为抑制,在12h和18h显著低于对照组（P≤0.05）,24h后明显升高,5×107cell.mL-1组与对照组相比差异不明显。肝脏中ALP活性在18h与对照组相比,5×108cell.mL-1组极显著升高（P≤0.01）,5×107cell.mL-1组显著升高（P≤0.05）。注射后ACP活性有明显升高的趋势,5×108cell.mL-1组在12h和18h显著高于对照组（P≤0.05）,且在注射后24h5×107cell.mL-1,5×108cell.mL-1组活性均达到最高。     

油用亚麻边际效应研究初报

摘要：对不同品种不同播种期油用亚麻边际效应研究分析结果表明,无论从产量结果、单株一般性状、单株主要经济性状看,油用亚麻均有明显边际优势。就品种而言,坝亚12号边际产量优势最明显,就播种期而言,提早播种边际产量优势最明显。这为我们创新油用亚麻耕作制度及栽培模式提供了理论依据,所以进一步研究油用亚麻带状种植、间作套种等一系列栽培技术,充分发挥油用亚麻自我调节潜能显得非常重要     

Crop border and mineral oil sprays used in combination as physical control methods of the aphid‐transmitted potato virus Y in potato

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this work were to determine if the control of potato virus Y (PVY, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) in seed potato could be improved by combining border crops and mineral oil sprays, and if the border crop acts as a barrier or a virus sink. RESULTS: Field tests over 3 years confirmed that mineral oils alone are an effective barrier to PVY, and showed that borders alone act as a PVY sink. Combining the familiar mineral oil and the more recent crop border methods was almost twice as effective in reducing PVY incidence as either one used alone. The combination provided consistently high PVY control compared with the variable and often lower level of control by either method alone. The contribution of the oil to PVY reduction was similar whether it was applied to the border, the center seed plot, or both. Oil application to the border alone should not affect efficacy and would help keep control costs down. CONCLUSION: Combining border and oil provided the best reduction in PVY incidence 3 years out of 3, providing producers with a tool to reduce year‐to‐year variation in the effectiveness of crop borders or oil sprays used separately. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada. Published by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.     

试论新疆少数民族新农村建设与边疆地区社会稳定——以叶城县维稳工作为研究视角

新疆少数民族地区,由于地理位置、历史传统、人文环境等诸多原因,经济、社会、文化教育等发展一直比较落后。近年来,由于国内外形势的变化,新疆社会稳定的形势比较严峻。当前,新疆少数民族地区只有以社会主义新农村建设为契机,加快发展,推动各方面的发展与进步,才能逐步消除影响边疆地区社会稳定的各种不利因素,进而才能维护边疆地区的长久治安;另一方面,只有保持边疆地区的社会稳定,才能为推动新农村建设的历史进程。     

活塞裙部横截面轮廓误差的最小条件评定

根据形位误差评定原则,提出了用最小条件准则评定活塞裙部横截面轮廓误差的方法,建立了相应的误差评定数学模型,并用复合形法对模型进行了求解。试验证明,该评定方法对活塞的检测具有一定实用价值。     

入畦单宽流量对春小麦耗水及其产量的影响研究

为了探究适合我国西北地区畦灌春小麦入畦单宽流量,于2017年3-7月在甘肃省民勤县开展大田试验。试验分析了3种入畦单宽流量[Q1、Q2、Q3分别为4.0、3.0、2.0L/(m·s)]的耗水规律、株高、干物质、产量及水分利用效率等指标。结果表明,各处理春小麦的日均耗水量呈现先增长后减小的趋势,Q2处理的灌水均匀度和施肥均匀性均高于Q1和Q3处理。3种处理的产量构成因素的差异不明显。Q2处理的产量和水分利用效率均高于Q1、Q3处理,且后2种处理间差异不显著,Q2产量达10180.1kg/hm^2,比Q3增产14.75%。综合比较Q1、Q2、Q3处理,Q2处理最有利于增产。该试验结果可作为民勤及类似环境条件地区畦灌春小麦适宜的入畦单宽流量参数。     

小麦高低畦宽苗带播种机设计与试验

根据井灌区小麦的种植特点,设计一种新型的小麦高低畦宽苗带播种机,集造畦、施肥、播种、镇压于一体,实现小麦高低畦宽苗带种植,解决传统小麦小畦种植模式土地利用率低、光热损失大、小麦群体不足等问题。设计浮动式播种单体,提升播幅内播深一致性;设计错位组合式双圆盘开沟器组,实现小麦宽苗带播种,苗带宽度达到9 cm以上;设计“凸”形螺旋绞龙高低畦成形机构,疏松的土壤在大绞龙螺旋叶片的作用下沿导线方向分向两侧,堆积的土壤在小绞龙螺旋叶片的作用下继续沿导线方向输送并完成土壤的搅匀,最终形成剖面呈“凹”型的高低畦地表构造,实现小麦高低畦种植;设计悬浮式播种施肥驱动装置,滑移率减小到2%以下,减少漏播率。田间试验表明,播深平均为3.2 cm,播深合格率为93.6%,高低畦高度差平均为10.32 cm,该播种机作业性能达到设计要求,符合当地农艺要求。     

Sperm cryopreservation of the noble Scallop Chlamys nobilis by a programmable freezing method: Effect of cryoprotectant

A study on Chlamys nobilis sperm cryopreservation by a programmable freezing method was conducted under laboratory condition. Four cryoprotectant agents (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], methanol [MET], propanediol[PG] and ethylene glycol [EG]) and four concentrations (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%) were evaluated for their ability to retain sperm motility, movement characteristics and fertility. Results showed that cryopreserved sperm total motility produced by DMSO and MET at 5%, 10% and 20% were higher than other cryoprotectant treatment groups (CPA groups), as well as rapid sperm percentage. The curvilinear (VCL) and straight line (VSL) velocity produced by DMSO at 5% significantly higher than other CPA groups (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were found for average path (VAP) velocity. The lateral head displacement (ALH) in all CPA groups was similar and without significant difference (p > 0.05), as well as the beat‐cross frequency (BCF). A significant higher fertilization rate was produced in DMSO than that in MET at same concentration (p < 0.05), and no significant differences were found for differing concentrations of the same cryoprotectant (p > 0.05). Overall, 5%‐20% DMSO was more suitable for Chlamys nobilis sperm programmable cryopreservation when the calcium‐free Hanks’ balanced salt solution was used as the extender, and 10°C/min from 0°C to ?80°C was used as freezing rate. The findings presented in this study will benefit conservation programs for Chlamys nobilis.     

栉孔扇贝、虾夷扇贝及其杂交子代的MSAP分析

运用甲基化敏感扩增多态性(methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism,MSAP)技术对栉孔扇贝(♀)、虾夷扇贝(♂)及其杂交子一代、子二代基因组DNA胞嘧啶甲基化水平进行了研究,并分析了DNA甲基化与各性状的相关性及其与杂种优势的关系。结果表明,(1)DNA甲基化率与壳宽、总重等表型值呈正相关的关系,而与壳长、壳高、软体重和闭壳肌重4个性状表型值呈负相关的关系,其中闭壳肌重与甲基化率的相关性达到极显著水平(P<0.01);(2)虾夷扇贝、栉孔扇贝、F1代、F2代的总甲基化率分别为32.79%、24.13%、19.98%、20.18%,杂交种F1代的甲基化水平低于双亲,是两种扇贝杂交的结果;F1代的甲基化模式经过了重新调整,其变化相对其亲本主要有4种类型:甲基化水平相同、去甲基化、超甲基化、次甲基化,且去甲基化位点多于超甲基化位点。结果证实杂种优势的产生与杂交种F1代基因组DNA甲基化模式的改变和重新调整有关,丰富了杂种优势机理研究内容。